Rwandan Genocide
Topic: Movies
The wife and I watched the movie
Hotel Rwanda which is the rivetting story of Paul Rusabegina who used his mind and his poise to save over 1200 Rwandan refugees from the butchers of the madness of the genocide. It is a very moving story. As intended by the director, one is moved by anger, sadness and, most importantly, shame. A little history here...
This is an excerpt from a short
BBC write up on the subject:
Ethnic tension in Rwanda is nothing new. There have been always been disagreements between the majority Hutus and minority Tutsis, but the animosity between them has grown substantially since the colonial period. The two ethnic groups are actually very similar - they speak the same language, inhabit the same areas and follow the same traditions. But when the Belgian colonists arrived in 1916, they saw the two groups as distinct entities, and even produced identity cards classifying people according to their ethnicity. The Belgians considered the Tutsis as superior to the Hutus. Not surprisingly, the Tutsis welcomed this idea, and for the next 20 years they enjoyed better jobs and educational opportunities than their neighbours. Resentment among the Hutus gradually built up, culminating in a series of riots in 1959. More than 20,000 Tutsis were killed, and many more fled to the neighbouring countries of Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda. When Belgium relinquished power and granted Rwanda independence in 1962, the Hutus took their place. Over subsequent decades, the Tutsis were portrayed as the scapegoats for every crisis. So the issue is that any racial differences between the two types of people (Tutsis are thought to have lighter skin - more northern african - and be taller) but the actual differences can be very subtle. The real issue is that the Belgian colonialists made grades and then divided the people changing the gradient of human differences into two classes. This is what really started the problems.
The genocide itself doesn't require too much explanation. Rwanda had become a place where everything required a well placed bribe and corruption up to the highest levels set the scene for the need of scapegoats. In the early nineties, reprisals(?) against Tutsis forced a division in the population. The Tutsis left the country. In Uganda they regrouped into a 'rebel' force called the RPF (Rwanda Patriotic Front) and, with the help of moderate Hutus, were intent on ending the racial injustices that plagued the country. As they began their campaign against the ruling government, the government and military began to help foster racial divides. One of the biggest parts of this was the somewhat state sponsered hate radio of
Radio-T?l?vision Libre des Mille Collines or the RTLM which spewed devisive rhetoric. Referring to the Tutsi minority as 'Cockroaches' between mixes of popular music from the time. Although I don't speak french, if you listen to an
excerpt you can hear the subtelty of the propaganda (in fact in this case you can actually here the starting bars of a popular song of the time 'Now that we found love by Heavy D).
This racial anger was supported by some wealthy Hutus, such as Felicien Kabuga (still wanted), who armed the angry mobs (an unofficial militia) called the Interahamwe or Those Who Attack Together. The trigger for the atrocities was a peace accord signed between the President of Rwanda Habyarimana and the RPF. Habyarimana had helped to foster the tensions by calling Tutsis RPF collaborators. Unfortunately, after signing the accord his plane was mysteriously shot down. His death was immediately blamed on the RPF and retribution would be swift and unjust.
The RTLM broadcasts demanded retribution and the unofficial militias began attacking all the Tutsis in their neighborhoods. Many reluctant Hutus were swept into the madness and the death toll quickly rose. The hate filled speech demanded the blood of all of the 'Cockroaches' and no one was spared the machete. Woman were repeatedly raped, some to death, and pregnant Tutsis were cut open to remove the fetus so they could be killed as well.
During this time the UN maintained a constant presence on the ground. The soldiers were ordered specifically not to shoot. Many watched hopelessly as Tutsis were butchered in front of them. Foreign forces moved in quickly to evacuate foreign citizens and then the Rwandans were left to themselves. While the world looked on the killing continued unabated for 100 days. Politicians talked, and talked, and did nothing. The UN was impotent, the 'security' council quickly ordered that the remaining UN forces be removed and people like Madelaine Albright, representing my country, stalled. French troops remained in Rwanda but offered no aid. The west went to great lengths to ignore the problem.
In the end, estimates of over 800,000 people were killed. 12% of the Rwandan population was decimated. The country was torn apart. The killing only stopped when the RPF forces arrived in the capital, Kigali, and seized power.
Rwanda currently continues to sit on a powder keg. Too much blood was spilt for the sins to be forgiven so quickly. Over 100,000 people remain in prison for their part in the massacres, but many leaders are still free. The tension will lie under the surface and we must never turn away again until peace is ensured. Of course we will look away as we are currently looking away in the Congo and the Sudan. Freedom isn't free is our rallying cry for Iraq yet no massacres were happening there. No genocides. When will the west pay for the damages to the beautiful continent of Africa.
For me the saddest part of this is that all the participants are victims. Africa has been raped and pillaged for so long all sense of humanity has been brushed away. The blood of the dead is on all our hands.
Check out the BBC site dedicated to the
atrocities.
I approve of this message The Man
at 5:32 PM EDT
Updated: Friday, 1 July 2005 10:09 AM EDT